A military tribunal sentenced former President Blaise Compaoré, who is now in exile, to life in prison for his role in the 1987 assassination.
一军事法庭判处流亡前总统布莱斯·孔波雷无期徒刑，因其参与1987年刺杀行动。
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《纽约时报》原报道
Ex-Leader of Burkina Faso Convicted in Killing of Thomas Sankara, His Predecessor
布基纳法索前领导人因谋杀其前任托马斯·桑卡拉被判有罪
Blaise Compaoré, the former president of Burkina Faso, in 2014. He was found guilty in the killing of his one-time close friend and predecessor, but had fled the country and did not return for the trial. (Sia Kambou/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images)
布莱斯·孔波雷，布基纳法索前总统，摄于2014年。他涉嫌杀害曾经的密友及前任，但他已逃离该国，未返回受审。（Sia Kambou/法新社 - Getty Images）
By Declan Walsh, April 6, 2022
作者：Declan Walsh，2022年4月6日
For decades, Blaise Compaoré, the president of Burkina Faso, preferred to avoid the subject of Thomas Sankara, his predecessor and one-time friend who was brutally killed in 1987 by soldiers who gunned him down outside his office.
数十年来，布基纳法索总统布莱斯·孔波雷(Blaise Compaoré)一直回避提及他的前任及曾经的密友托马斯·桑卡拉(Thomas Sankara)，桑卡拉于1987年被士兵在他的办公室外残忍杀害。
On Wednesday, a military tribunal confirmed longstanding, widespread suspicions that Mr. Compaoré, now in living in exile, was in fact behind the killing.
周三，一家军事法庭证实了长期存在的广泛怀疑，即正在流亡的孔波雷先生事实上谋划了这起谋杀案。
After six months of hearings, a heavily protected courtroom in the capital, Ouagadougou, erupted in applause after judges convicted Mr. Compaoré in absentia and declared a sentence of life imprisonment — the climax of a much anticipated attempt to deliver justice for one of Africa’s most infamous political assassinations.
经过六个月的听证后，在首都瓦加杜古一场倍受保护的法庭上，法官缺席判决孔波雷先生有罪，并判处终身监禁。法庭内爆发了掌声，迎来了一次万众期待的高潮，它为非洲最臭名昭著的一起政治刺杀伸张了正义。
“This is a relief,” said Paul Sankara, the slain president’s younger brother, speaking by phone about the verdict. “It’s been a long wait.”
“如释重负，”在电话中谈到本次审判，这位遇害总统的弟弟保罗·桑卡拉(Paul Sankara)说到，“我们已经等待太久了。”
A firebrand Marxist revolutionary, Thomas Sankara became one of the youngest presidents in modern African history when he rose to power in 1983. Over four years he gained a reputation for principled rule and spirited defiance of the West that earned him adulation across Africa.
激进马克思主义革命者托马斯·桑卡拉于1983年上台执政，成为现代非洲历史上最年轻的总统之一。此后四年间，凭借正道的统治和对西方无畏的蔑视，他在非洲饱受赞誉。
But his rule ended violently in October 1987 when Mr. Sankara and 12 other men were killed during the military coup that brought to power his old friend, Mr. Compaoré. For the next 27 years Mr. Compaoré ruled Burkina Faso with a tight grip until a popular uprising pushed him out in 2014, forcing him to flee to Ivory Coast with the help of French soldiers.
但他的统治在1987年10月轰然倒台，桑卡拉先生和12名手下在一场军事政变中牺牲，他的旧友孔波雷先生则凭借这场行动上台执政。接下来27年间，孔波雷在布基纳法索实行了强硬统治，直到2014年，一场民众起义迫使其下台，并在法军士兵的帮助下逃亡至科特迪瓦。
President Thomas Sankara, at a celebration in Burkina Faso in 1985, became an iconic leader in Africa, with a reputation for resisting corruption and defying the West. He was assassinated two years later. (Daniel Laine/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images)
托马斯·桑卡拉总统1985年于布基纳法索一场庆典上。他成为了非洲一位标志性领导人，因反腐败及蔑视西方而享有盛誉。他在两年后被刺杀。（Daniel Laine/法新社 - Getty Images）
Mr. Compaoré, however, is unlikely to spend any time in jail soon. He refused to return to Burkina Faso for the trial, and Ivory Coast declined to extradite him. He has always denied any role in the killing, although his explanation of the circumstances has shifted over the years.
然而，孔波雷先生恐无法在短期内入狱。他拒绝返回布基纳法索受审，科特迪瓦方面也拒绝将其引渡。他坚持否认自己参与这起谋杀，尽管多年来他对情形的解释有所变化。
Mr. Sankara’s widow, Mariam, who has lived mostly in France since her husband was killed, was near the front of the courtroom as the sentence was read out.
桑卡拉先生的遗孀玛丽亚姆(Mariam)在其夫被刺杀后长居于法国。法官宣读审判时，她坐在法庭前部。
“I am satisfied,” she told The Associated Press, adding that she wished “the main suspects” in the case were also present.
“我感到满足，”她告诉美联社，并补充道她希望本案中的“主要嫌疑人”也能在场。
Pierre-Olivier Sur, a French lawyer for Mr. Compaoré, said in an interview that his client refused to appear before a “puppet trial” that had taken place in “chaotic and dramatic” conditions.
孔波雷先生的法籍辩护律师皮埃尔-奥利维尔·苏尔(Pierre-Olivier Sur)在一场采访中表示，他的代理人拒绝出席一场在“混乱且戏剧性的”状况下进行的“傀儡审判”。
The trial started in October, 34 years after the death of Mr. Sankara, at a repurposed convention center near the presidential palace in an upmarket part of Ouagadougou. Despite the challenges of mounting a trial decades later, a panel of civilian and military judges heard evidence from over 100 witnesses against Mr. Compaoré and 13 others accused in the killing.
这场审判于桑卡拉先生死后34年的十月份开始。审判地点设在瓦加杜古高档地区总统府附近的一家改建会议中心。尽管面临着在数十年后进行审判的困难，由文职和军事法官组成的小组仍听取了超过100名目击者指控孔波雷及其它13名涉嫌谋杀的嫌疑人的证词。
The proceedings were suspended in late January after the military seized power in Burkina Faso, the latest in a series of coups to afflict the landlocked West African nation since it gained independence from France in 1960.
诉讼程序在一月下旬因布基纳法索军事政变而暂停，自1960年由法国独立以来，一系列政变持续摧残这个西非内陆国家，这场政变则是这一系列政变中的最新一起。
A man in a T-shirt bearing the image of Mr. Sankara was among the crowds that gathered in Ouagadougou, in January in support of the latest military coup. (Malin Fezehai for The New York Times)
1月，于瓦加杜古，一男子身着印有桑卡拉先生头像的T恤，身处支持最新发生的军事政变的人群中。（Malin Fezehai为《纽约时报》供图）
But the trial resumed a week later, and culminated on Wednesday in the convictions and prison sentences that, in many cases, went beyond those demanded by prosecutors. The tribunal also delivered sentences of life imprisonment against Hyacinthe Kafando, Mr. Compaoré’s former head of security, and Gen. Gilbert Diendéré, a senior army commander at the time of the assassination.
但审判于一周后恢复，并于周三的定罪及监禁判决中宣告结束。这场审判在许多方面都超出了检察官的要求。法庭也判决孔波雷先生的前安全负责人亚森特·卡凡多(Hyacinthe Kafando)及暗杀时的陆军高级指挥官吉尔伯特·迪恩代雷(Gilbert Diendéré)将军终身监禁，
Eight others, mostly former soldiers, received sentences of between three and 20 years. Three people accused of creating a false death certificate for Mr. Sankara were acquitted.
其余八人（主要为退役士兵）分别被判决3至20年不等的刑期。被指伪造桑卡拉先生的死亡证明的三人得到无罪释放。
Like Mr. Compaoré, Mr. Kafando was not present in the courthouse, having gone into hiding years ago. General Diendéré, who has been in prison since 2015 for his part in a failed coup attempt, is the only prominent convict likely to serve time.
与孔波雷先生一样，卡凡多先生数年前也已逃匿，未出席法庭。迪恩代雷将军在2015年即因一场未遂军事政变而入狱，他也是仅有的可能入狱服刑的主要罪犯。
Mr. Sankara is still a revered figure in Burkina Faso, and since the ouster of Mr. Compaoré in 2014, his legacy has been openly celebrated. Visitors flock to a giant bronze statue of Mr. Sankara, yards from the spot where he was killed, and his image adorns cars, motorcycles and T-shirts.
桑卡拉先生仍是在布基纳法索广受尊敬的人物，自2014年孔波雷先生下台以来，他的遗产一直被公开庆祝。游客们涌向位于桑卡拉被害地点几码处的他的铜铸雕像，他的形象装饰在汽车、摩托车和T恤上。
The trial represented an effort to establish the truth about his death, as well as a rare if belated attempt to impose justice for a military coup in a region with a long history of military takeovers.
这场审判是一次查明他的死亡真相的努力，也是在一个长期被军事接管地区的为一场军事政变伸张正义的罕有的尝试，尽管也许为时已晚。
“This is an historic verdict,” said Serge Martin Bambara, a popular rapper and democracy activist known by his stage name Smockey. “It shows that nobody is untouchable.”
“这是一场历史性的宣判，”著名饶舌歌手及民主活动家塞尔吉•马丁•班巴拉(Serge Martin Bambara)（以他的艺名Smockey而闻名）表示。“这表明没人是碰不得的。”
Still, the coup that interrupted the trial in January, ousting Burkina Faso’s democratically elected president, Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, and installing yet another military leader, belied hopes that the Sankara trial would act as a deterrent to future military coups.
然而，一月份干扰了这场审判的军事政变驱逐了布基纳法索的民选总统洛克•马克•克里斯蒂安•卡博雷(Roch Marc Christian Kaboré)，并扶植了另一个军事领导人，从而使这场桑卡拉审判能够威慑未来的军事政变的希望落空。
A statue of Thomas Sankara, in front of the building where he was killed, has become a popular site for visitors to Ouagadougou. (Malin Fezehai for The New York Times)
托马斯•桑卡拉的雕像，位于他遇害的大楼前。这座雕像已经成为瓦加杜古游客的热门旅游地点。（Malin Fezegai为《纽约时报》供图）
And the trial avoided longstanding questions about the potential role of outside powers in the death of Mr. Sankara, including France, the former colonial ruler of Burkina Faso, and neighboring Ivory Coast.
而且这场审判避开了长期存在的关于外部势力（包括布基纳法索前殖民宗主国法国，以及科特迪瓦）参与谋杀桑卡拉先生的疑问。
One witness described how French officials visited Burkina Faso’s intelligence service one day after the killing, and removed sensitive surveillance materials. But the trial mostly avoided the subject of any international role, which the Burkina Faso authorities have reserved for a separate investigation.
一名目击者描述了在这场谋杀后的某天，法国官员如何进入了布基纳法索的情报中心，并删除了敏感的监控材料。但这场审判大多避开了对任何国际角色参与的讨论——这被布基纳法索当局留作独立审查。
Now that the trial is over, the Sankara family hopes to hold a proper funeral for the assassinated leader, who was buried in a pauper’s grave dug by prisoners at night within hours of his death.
审判既已结束，桑卡拉家人希望为这位被刺杀的领导人举办一场正式的葬礼。在桑卡拉死后数小时内，他就被埋在由囚犯们在夜间挖掘的穷人坟墓里。
“This is not a moment for satisfaction,” said Paul Sankara, who lives in the United States. “But at least now we can grieve.”
“这不是感到满足的时刻，”现居美国的保罗•桑卡拉说到。“但至少现在我们可以悲伤了。”
As for the absent Mr. Compaoré, once considered a son by Mr. Sankara’s parents, he said simply: “He has his own conscience.”
谈到流亡在外的，曾被桑卡拉先生的父母视作儿子的孔波雷先生，他只是说到：“他有自己的良心。”
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